1<html> 2<head> 3<title>The GNU General Public License</title> 4</head> 5<body bgcolor="#C0C0C0"> 6 7<center> 8<h1>The GNU General Public License 9</h1> 10</center> 11</p> 12<center> 13<h2><a name="v2"><font face="arial, helvetica"> 14Version 2, June 1991 15</font></a> 16</h2> 17</center> 18<address> 19© Copyright 1989, 1991 20<a href="http://www.fsf.org/fsf/fsf.html">Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc. 21 22<br> 2359 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 24</address> 25<p> 26Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 27of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 28 29<h3> 30<center> 31 Preamble 32</center> 33</h3> 34<p> 35 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 36freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 37License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 38software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 39General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 40Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 41using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 42the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 43your programs, too. 44<p> 45 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 46price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 47have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 48this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 49if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 50in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 51<p> 52 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 53anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 54These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 55distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 56<p> 57 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 58gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 59you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 60source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 61rights. 62<p> 63 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 64(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 65distribute and/or modify the software. 66<p> 67 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 68that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 69software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 70want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 71that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 72authors' reputations. 73<p> 74 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 75patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 76program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 77program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 78patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 79<p> 80 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 81modification follow. 82<p> 83<h3> 84<center> 85 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 86<br> 87 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 88</center> 89</h3> 90<p> 91 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains 92a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 93under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, 94refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" 95means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 96that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 97either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 98language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 99the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". 100<p> 101Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 102covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 103running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 104is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 105Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 106Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 107<p> 108 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 109source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 110conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 111copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 112notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 113and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 114along with the Program. 115<p> 116You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 117you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 118<p> 119 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 120of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 121distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 122above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 123<p> 124<ol type="a"> 125 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 126 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 127<p> 128 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 129 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 130 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 131 parties under the terms of this License. 132<p> 133 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 134 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 135 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 136 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 137 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 138 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 139 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 140 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 141 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 142 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 143</ol> 144<p> 145These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 146identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 147and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 148themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 149sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 150distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 151on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 152this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 153entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 154<p> 155Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 156your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 157exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 158collective works based on the Program. 159<p> 160In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 161with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 162a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 163the scope of this License. 164<p> 165 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 166under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 167Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 168<p> 169<ol type="a"> 170 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 171 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 172 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 173<p> 174 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 175 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 176 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 177 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 178 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 179 customarily used for software interchange; or, 180<p> 181 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 182 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 183 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 184 received the program in object code or executable form with such 185 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 186</ol> 187<p> 188The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 189making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 190code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 191associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 192control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 193special exception, the source code distributed need not include 194anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 195form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 196operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 197itself accompanies the executable. 198<p> 199If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 200access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 201access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 202distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 203compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 204<p> 205 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 206except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 207otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 208void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 209However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 210this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 211parties remain in full compliance. 212<p> 213 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 214signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 215distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 216prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 217modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 218Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 219all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 220the Program or works based on it. 221<p> 222 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 223Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 224original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 225these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 226restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 227You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 228this License. 229<p> 230 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 231infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 232conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 233otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 234excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 235distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 236License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 237may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 238license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 239all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 240the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 241refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 242<p> 243If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 244any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 245apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 246circumstances. 247<p> 248It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 249patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 250such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 251integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 252implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 253generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 254through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 255system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 256to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 257impose that choice. 258<p> 259This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 260be a consequence of the rest of this License. 261<p> 262 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 263certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 264original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 265may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 266those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 267countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 268the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 269<p> 270 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 271of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 272be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 273address new problems or concerns. 274<p> 275Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 276specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any 277later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions 278either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 279Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 280this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 281Foundation. 282<p> 283 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 284programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 285to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 286Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 287make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 288of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 289of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 290<p> 291<h3> 292<center> 293 NO WARRANTY 294</center> 295</h3> 296<p> 297 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 298FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 299OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 300PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 301OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 302MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 303TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 304PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 305REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 306<p> 307 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 308WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 309REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 310INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 311OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 312TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 313YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 314PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 315POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 316<p> 317 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 318<p> 319 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 320<p> 321 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 322possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 323free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 324<p> 325 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 326to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 327convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 328the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 329<p> 330<samp> 331<ol> 332 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 333 <br> 334 Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author> 335<p> 336 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 337 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 338 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 339 (at your option) any later version. 340<p> 341 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 342 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 343 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 344 GNU General Public License for more details. 345<p> 346 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 347 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 348 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 349<p> 350</ol> 351</samp> 352 353Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 354<p> 355If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 356when it starts in an interactive mode: 357<p> 358<samp> 359<ol> 360 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author 361<br> 362 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 363<br> 364 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 365<br> 366 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 367</ol> 368</samp> 369<p> 370The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 371parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 372be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 373mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 374<p> 375You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 376school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 377necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 378<p> 379<samp> 380<ol> 381 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 382 <br> 383 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 384<p> 385 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 386 <br> 387 Ty Coon, President of Vice 388</ol> 389</samp> 390<p> 391This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 392proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 393consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 394library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 395Public License instead of this License. 396<p> 397 398</body> 399</html> 400